Atwater v. City of Lago Vista Supreme Court's decision in Atwater v. City of Lago Vista (Atwater v. City of Lago Vista, 2001) has been highly criticized. Interestingly, the case has been criticized by conservatives and liberals alike. Even for the most ardent law and order advocate, the fact that the Court ratified the authority of the police to jail someone for what was a fine-only offense. The potential for abuse by allowing such process means that the police are now free to arrest and search any person and their vehicle driving on public streets and highways. Atwater represented a further expansion of police authority in regard to traffic stops and essentially has opened the way for police officers to arrest individuals for very minor offenses in order to open the door for investigating more serious crimes for which they would otherwise not have authority to arrest. The potential for abuse should be obvious in that nearly every time any given driver takes to the road some minor traffic law is violated. Given the broad powers afforded...

In essence, the Atwater decision has removed the element of probable cause from the arrest and detention process at least as it pertains to vehicle stops.
In light of the profound possibility for abuse following the Supreme Court's decision in Atwater, it is difficult to understand how the Court could have considered such procedure to "reasonable" as required by the Fourth Amendment. As argued in the strong dissent presented Justice O'Connor, the majority's decision in Atwater was a "pointless indignity' that served no discernible state interest (Atwater: p.360.)." In the final analysis, Atwater is bad case law that has expanded police authority beyond the limits of fairness and represents an infringement on the Fourth Amendment rights of every American citizen.

2. Consensual Search

Traditionally, valid consent for a legal search…